Festuca extremiorientalis Ohwi s.l. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 45: 194. 1931.
Ô¶¶«Ñòé YUAN DONG YANG MAO.
Festuca subulata Trinius var. japonica Hackel Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 113. 1899; Festuca subulata Trinius subsp. japonica (Hackel) Koyama & Kawano, Canadian J. Bot. 42: 875. 1964. Type: Korea;Kwaisanryon in Prov. Kankyo-hokudo (24, VII. 1930. J. Ohwi n. 2500) -in Hb. Universit. Imp. Kyotoensis. (KYO)Described from Korean peninsula. Subg. Subulatae (Tzvelev) E. B. Alexeev, Parviglumae S. Aiken & X.Chen sect. nov.
Vegetative morphology. Plants stiffly erect, or softly erect. Plants loosely tufted. Plants clumped loosely. Plants with non-flowering shoots less common than flowering shoots. Plants with leaves along the stems. Plants with tillering leaves 1/4 to 1/3 the length of the culms. Plants with shoots extravaginal. Rhizomes absent. Culms 60–100 cm tall. Culms 1.8–3 mm wide. Culms geniculate (slightly), or strict, erect. Culms internodes glabrous. Culms internodes ridged or striped. Culms nodes (2–)3(–4). Uppermost culms nodes in mid 1/3 of the culm. Sheaths shorter than the internode. Sheaths glabrous. Sheaths open more than half their length. Sheaths not conspicuous at the base of the plant. Sheaths splitting between the veins (or gradually), or remaining entire, not conspicuously splitting between the veins. Auricles absent. Ligules 1.1–2.5(–3.5) mm long. Ligules glabrous. Ligules membranous. Ligules margins without cilia. Ligules apices erose, or lacerate. Leaf blades more or less lax. Leaf blades linear. Leaf blades flat. Leaf blades adaxial lateral longitudinal ridges indistinctly raised. Leaf blades 10–30 cm long. Leaf blades 4–10(–13) mm wide. Leaf blades adaxial surfaces with trichomes. Leaf blades adaxial surfaces pubescent (few hairs), or scabrous. Leaf blades abaxial surfaces glabrous, or with trichomes. Leaf blades abaxial surfaces glabrescent (scaberulous). Leaf blades margins smooth, or scaberulous. Flag leaves blades 7–28 cm long. Flag leaves blades nearly equal to the sheath, or distinctly longer than the sheath. Adaxial to abaxial sclerenchyma strands present. Abaxial sclerenchyma poorly developed. Abaxial sclerenchyma in narrow or discrete strands. Ribs 7.
Floral morphology. Inflorescences lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate, or pyramidal. Inflorescences loosely open. Inflorescences (8–)12–30 cm long. Inflorescences branches (3–)7–15 cm long. Inflorescences lowest internodes 3–7 cm long. Inflorescences branches at the lowest nodes 2 (usually), or 1. Inflorescences branches flexible. 8–10(–20) fertile spikelets on the longest branches. Inflorescences branches angular in cross section, or flattened and ribbon-like. Inflorescences branches scabrous on the angles. Inflorescences branches vestiture moderate. Pedicels (2–)3.5–6.5(–10) mm long. Spikelets lower third of the branches without spikelets, or lower half of the branches without spikelets. Spikelets 5–8(–9.5) mm long. Spikelets 1.5–3.5 mm wide. Spikelets greenish. Spikelets lanceolate. Florets 3–4(–5). Glumes glabrous, or with trichomes (scaberulous). Glumes surfaces scabrous. Glumes vestiture on the veins (on mid-veins), or at the apex (second glumes, sometimes). Glumes margins not ciliate. Glumes margins broadly membranous (usually). Glumes apices accuminate. First glume narrowly lanceolate, or lanceolate. First glume 2.5–3.5(–4.5) mm long. First glume 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm wide. First glume 1 nerved. First glume 0.7–0.8 as long as second glume. Second glume lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate. Second glume 3.5–6 mm long. Second glume 0.8–1.1 mm wide. Second glume 3 nerved. Second glume shorter than first lemma. Second glume 0.5–0.7 as long as the spikelets. Rachilla internodes 0.8–1.1 mm long. Rachilla internodes antrorsely scabrous (slightly). Rachilla internodes flattened, or cylindrical. Rachilla internodes narrow. Rachilla internodes straight. Lemmas 5–6(–7) mm long. Lemmas lanceolate. Lemmas somewhat dorsally compressed. Lemmas veins 5. Lemmas with distinct veins in dorsal view. Lemmas with trichomes (at lease at the apex). Lemmas scabrous. Lemmas trichomes on the upper portion (and on veins). Lemmas upper margins narrowly membranous. Lemmas apices entire (usually), or notched (slightly). Lemmas apices accuminate. Lemmas apices awns 4–8 mm long. Lemmas apices awns about as long as the lemmas, or much longer than the lemmas. Paleas 5–6(–7) mm long. Paleas 0.6–0.8(–1) mm apart. Paleas equal or subequal to the lemmas. Paleas keels glabrous (or nearly so). Paleas inter-keel regions glabrous. Anthers 1–1.5(–2) mm long. Ovary apices hairy. Ovary hairs moderate, or dense. Cytology. 2n = 28.
Ecology. Flowering time Jun-Aug. Under forests, in valleys, grasslands or along riversides; 900–2800m. Distribution. Northwestern China: Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai. Southwestern China: Sichuan, Yunnan. Northern China: Hebei, Shanxi, Nei Mongol. Northeastern China: Heilongjiang, Jilin.
Notes. Data for specimens from China and Japan combined. In our analyses this taxon was species and section level distinct from F. subulata in contrast to the suggestion that it be treated as F. subulata subsp. japanoica (Koyama and Kawano 1964).
Illustrations. • Herbarium specimen: PE: 0863504. Herbarium labe reads: collected in Jilin, China, under forest. Note flat leaves distrubted the culm and loose open panicle. • Close up to spikelet. Spikelet from PE: 0863504, about 6 mm long, greenish, with 4 florets. Glumes, narrow, apices accuminate. Rachilla internodes 0.8–1.1 mm long,. Lemmas 5–6(-7) mm long, lanceolate, veins 5, with distinct veins in dorsal view, Lemmas apices entire (usually) or notched (slightly), accuminate, awns 4–8 mm long, about as long as the lemmas or much longer than the lemmas. • Distribution in China and Japan.
Cite this publication as: ‘Xiang Chen, S.G. Aiken, and M.J. Dallwitz (2002 onwards). Festuca of China: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version: 4th February 2003. http://www.cdelta.ibcas.ac.cn’.
